Otzi the Iceman

Otzi the Iceman is one of the greatest discoveries known to date. His discovery has a major significance throughout the world, for his age and excellent preservation, the equipment found with him and the contents of his stomach. Other factors which contribute to his significance are the number of different human blood samples found on his clothing and equipment. Carbon dating indicates that Iceman is over 5300 years old with nature preserving him to unprecedented levels. He was found high in the Alps where freezing temperatures and strong cold winds occur allowing him and his equipment to be preserved. The winds dried more than 90% of the liquid in his body which got rid of the parasites in his blood allowing him to freeze without decaying. His massive blood loss through his wound also helped the preservation process. Thanks to these conditions we can study Iceman’s life in the early Stone Age. Initially it was thought that Ozti died due to hypothermia. Later it was speculated that it was part of a sacrificial ceremony. These theories were put to rest after x-rays and CT scans revealed a flint arrow lodged in his left shoulder. Otzi died from a fatal shot approximately 30m away at a 25 degree angle from below. The x-rays and the CT scan also revealed deep cuts on both hands implying a struggle occurred before the final blow which was proved by multiple blood samples found on his equipment. This information concludes that the Stone Age was a violent Era. The Iceman’s equipment is a significant discovery as it tells us the story of his death. Multiple blood samples were found on his clothes and equipment strengthening the theory of murder. But this is not the main reason for its importance. A copper axe was found as part of his equipment with its handle still intact, the only one ever discovered. Not only it is unique but also sets the history of copper making back 500 years in Europe. These artefacts and pieces of evidence are major factor of the Iceman’s discovery. The contents of Otzi’s stomach lead the scientist along the path he has taken over 5300 years ago. Pollen analysis was used on the food found within his intestines to accurately point his route which he travelled up the mountains and the season he died in. It also concluded what tribe Otzi most likely came from. Other food found within his stomach determined what people ate during that period and the last meal of the Iceman. The discovery of Iceman is one of the greatest mankind’s treasures. Otzi’s preservation level allowed the world to have an insight into the lives of humans over 5300 years ago. He rewrote history with his age and equipment setting new records and helping us to understand our ancestry. Thus these factors make Otzi the Iceman a significant discovery.

Western art music.Fryderyk Franciszek Chopin Essay

Western art music.Fryderyk Franciszek Chopin - Essay Example Fryderyk Franciszek Chopin, the world's acclaimed genius: a composer, pianist and teacher, born 1810 March 1 to "French migr father (a schoolteacher working in Poland) and a cultured Polish mother,with three sisters in â€Å"the region of Mazovia, which was part of the Duchy of Warsaw†2. Controversially, Chopin's baptismal certificate revealed that he was born 1810 February 22. Either date does not upset the gifted composer/pianist to conquer international prominence. In the years of "lively domestic music-making"3 Fryderyk was then five, his sister Izabela described her little brother, "'soon began to display a sensitivity to musical impressions by crying'"3 (qtd in Chopin Diary, http://en.chopin.nifc.pl). Chopin's talent was not concealed from public from his early childhood as he was commended the "child prodigy for his keyboard and composition skill"4 (Fryderyk Franciszek Chopin Biography, www.last.fm/music/Fr) which had been closely equated with Mozart as he showcased his gift with "two polonaises (in G minor and B flat major), the first being published in the engraving workshop of Father Cybulski. The prodigy was featured in the Warsaw newspapers",5 as young as seven years old. (Music History, www.nivmusic.com). From this period, "little Chopin" was the adornment of the aristocratic salons in Warsaw. Seven was the age that Chopin made had his first concert. In the next twenty years, Chopin stayed in Warsaw. Chopin's first formal piano lessons after his piano practices with his mother was with Wojciech Zywny and played his first public appearance at a charity concert by Czech composer Adalbert Gyrowetz. After Chopin stopped his piano lessons with Zywny, he started to learn compositions with Jozef Elsner taking organ lessons simultaneously with Wilhelm Wuerfl. Chopin's formal schooling was attended at the Warsaw Lyceum where he spent most of his summer holidays in various parts of the countryside and developed keen interest to folk music and country traditions and "became well acquainted with the folk music of the Polish plains in its authentic form, with its distinct tonality, richness of rhythms and dance vigour"5 thereby, composing his first Mazurka. (Music History, www.nivmusic.com). From his holiday vacations, he wrote to his parents, "'Through God's grace I am well and time always passes most pleasurably. I neither read nor write, but I play, drawn, run, make the most of the fresh air...'"3. This first letter was followed by a series of "amusing 'letters'3, known as the 'Kurier Szafarski' [Szafarnia Courier], parodying the 'Kurier Warszawski' [Warsaw Courier]."3 (qtd in Chopin Diary, http://en.chopin.nifc.pl). At age 15, Chopin was already a published composer with a soft heart to the impoverished ones where he performed charity concerts. The growing Chopin is exposed to political flux which at one time and another influenced his compositions, At Surname 3 Warsaw, young Chopin witnessed "arrests [] made among the members of the Narodowe Towarzystwo Patriotyczne" 3. (qtd in Chopin Diary, http://en.chopin.nifc.pl). At Warsaw School of Music, Chopin started to study the theory of music. However, he showed disinterest in his piano class and did not attend classes by which was leniently tolerated by the school head Elsner in view of understanding the personality and temperament of Chopin being aware of his unmistakable superior talent of which he acclaimed in writing, "Chopin, Fryderyk, third year student, amazing talent, musical genius".6 (qtd. in Academy of Music, www.hrovatmusic.com). Previously, in the first and second year of young Chopin, he was commended "'First-year: Chopin Fryderyk - special ability, second-year: Dobrzyski Ignacy - rare ability...'" 3. In another view of Chopin, Wilhelm Kohlberg recalls the time they were learning English, "[]These lessons

Business plan (entrepreneurship) Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Business plan (entrepreneurship) - Thesis Example GetLaunched! offers the following propositions to its users: 1. Seamless and uncomplicated participation, with most of the technical aspects, such as compliance, ironed out by the company; 2. All-or-nothing scheme where collected money is returned to supporters if the proposal fails to achieve its goal within the given time; 3. No hidden or initial fees as the company implements a flat rate fee only on successful proposals; 4. By special arrangement, the company has access to the proponent’s account for 5 years for the sole of purpose of taking out and delivering the shares of profits of supporters, which are given in proportion to the latter’s investment. 5. Sharing of profits with supporters will be limited to 5 years and structured in such a way as not to unduly burden the proponent because the spirit of crowdfunding is not strict investment but more towards philanthropy. The Opportunity There are more than 2 billion internet users, which can be harnessed to realize the aims and goals of GetLaunched!. According to statistics, internet users number 2,095, 006,005 in 2011 up by about 480.4% from the 360,985,482 users in 2000. Facebook alone has more than 500,000 million users as of 2011 statistics. There is in every person a need for charity because it gives them self-actualization. Fundraising expert and author of â€Å"Grassroots Fundraising† Kim Klein states that every person has an urge to give because it makes them feel powerful and good-like and not merely an onlooker. GetLaunched! will tap into this need and use it to turn somebody’s life around. The gap between economic classes is widening and people on the lower social strata are getting more and more marginalized. The gap between social classes are growing bigger and bigger, and there is a need to try to level the playing field, and crowdfunding is one of the more acceptable means. Business Concept Online crowdfunding is getting popular in social networking sites, but at p resent there are only a handful operating. GetLaunched! is capitalizing on the growing popularity of crowdfunding, not only as a business endeavor, but as a means of helping people from both sides of the spectrum: for proponents to realize their dreams of materializing their business dreams, and; for supporters to channel their inner philanthropic urges. Industry Overview Crowdfunding had its origin in 1997, when American fans raised $60,000, through internet campaign, so that the British Rock band Marillion could do a US tour. French filmmakers Guillaume Colboc and Benjamin Pommeraud used the same strategy in 2004 to fund a film, raising a total of $50,000 within three weeks over the internet. Their counterparts in America Spanner Films raised ?900,000 the same way to finance a documentary film about climate change. Fig. 1 The Crowdfunding Mechanism Today, several crowdfunding societies offer themselves as platforms to raise funds for various ends - to support talent in the arts, t o market original inventions, to initiate charitable events and start small businesses. The present market has still room to grow dramatically because of the millions of internet users, which are ready to invest or donate money for causes that they can emotionally connect to. Figure 1 illustrates how crowdfunding can snowball from a small close circle of family and friends to a number of supporters that can donate and/or investments the right amount needed to launch a project. Target Market GetLaunched! targets two types of users: the proponents, and; the

Short Easay 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Short Easay 3 - Essay Example HITDA – High Intensity Drug Trafficking Area is a criminal justice organization which works because of regular inputs from local, state and federal agencies. For a smooth functioning of HITDA it is very necessary that these different agencies cooperate with each other and that there is no conflict. The seeds of latent conflict are removed by formulation of a clear operational strategy by an executive board where each government agency has an equal representation. This reduces the instances of conflict as the director of HITDA focus on conflict management and resolution. Despite massive efforts in the field of conflict management, experts believe that conflict in criminal justice organization is a normal process and eliminating it is both unrealistic and counterproductive to the long term health of the organization. This is because a conflict can be a healing process where many issues are raised and solved where as in a no conflict scenario there can be a blind surrender to rules which can harm the human side of the organization. Most of the organizations want conformity over a long-tem period for this purpose they use different kinds of power. But none of these methods is the best when dealing with organizations. The appropriateness of the type of power depends upon the situation. For example, employing coercive method compliance among rank-and-file officers usually through strict rules and regulations is not satisfactory because the officers are averse to such strategies. Similarly legitimate, expert and charismatic power can lead to a situation of greater employee acceptance. While, coercive and reward base may lead to a dysfunctional effect. Hence, there is no one particular type of power that is

The Politics of Organisational Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Politics of Organisational Change - Essay Example This is a change from transactional leadership, a traditionalist governance system where rewards are strictly contingent on performance from a functionalist perspective. Trust-based philosophies in transformational leadership are designed to foster job role autonomy and flexibility, thus promoting employee freedom to ensure dedication and loyalty to meeting organisational objectives. The multiple constituencies perspective is inter-linked with chosen management philosophy as it relates to connecting with subordinate personnel with recognition of emotions and psychological needs related to their decision-making power in the organisation. It is not until these needs are satisfied that change can be enacted successfully as constituencies in the organisation respond according to perception of politics rather than the tangible realities of change, politics and organisational design. The politics of change and psycho-social considerations The multiple constituencies approach to organisational development recognises the foundations and validity of the psychological contract as a template methodology for enacting more consensus-based organisational changes. This post-modern approach to managing people and leading them through organisational change practices rejects unitarism as a viable management strategy, a system of governance that is centralized and control is established through non-consensus governance actors (Grieves). Effectively, in order to attain commitment and adherence to change practices, the subordinate constituency must be granted recognizable power-sharing opportunities throughout the change processes to promote perceptions of autonomous working environments; a lean toward organisational democracyÃ'Ž. However, in order for a legitimate and true democracy to exist, it must sustain seven distinct characteristics. These are freedom, openness, trust, transparency, fairness, equality and accountability (Bar rett 2010). â€Å"If there is no consensus within organisations, there can be little potentiality for the peaceful resolution of political differences associated (with change)† (Almond and Verba, p.251). Planned change, such as the push and pull factors identified through Force Field Analysis, dictate the need for negotiated strategies in order to maximise positive change outcomes. For instance, when fear of change is identified as it relates to a specific change goal, fear can be mitigated through more effective interpersonal communications between governance and subordinate work teams or promoting job security as part of the psychological contract. In this case, the leadership of the organisation appeals to the foundational needs of employees as identified in the fundamental Hierarchy of Needs promoted by

The importance of history Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The importance of history - Essay Example Sports teams often analyze the previous performance history of the opponents before preparing themselves for the coming matches. History can also help politicians in deciding about the relationship of a country with other countries. â€Å"When you understand history, you understand basic concepts and ideas. You will learn about cause and effect, relationships and human nature† (Chin, n. d). At present we have enough knowledge about what is electricity or what is energy. We are indebted to the efforts of ancient scientists for our current knowledge about these things. Same way histories give us important lessons about the past which will help us to make conclusions while facing similar situations at present. History gives us the idea about the hierarchy of all the natural events happening in this world. For example, history helps us to understand at what time the monsoon comes or at what times the weather or season changes. In short, history plays an important role in shaping e very aspect of present and future human life on earth. During the initial half of twentieth century, Mahatma Gandhi succeeded in getting freedom to his country India from the colonial rules of Britain through peaceful means. The core philosophy of his freedom struggles was the theory of non violence which motivated other leaders like Nelson Mandela later in the history.

Art Critique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Art Critique - Essay Example Although the miniature tea kettles are not strictly geometric in form, they are placed in such a way as to make the most of their geometric attributes. For example, the artist has placed a column of tea kettles vertically aligned along the bottom right edge of the piece to emphasize their circumference. Another squat tea kettle is placed with its bottom attached to the back piece so as to emphasize its round opening at the top. This large piece stands vertically aligned on the wall like a misaligned small coffee table. The artist works almost exclusively with found materials thus reflects the cast off detritus of society at the same time that he presents these pieces as shining new. The eye is kept moving through the piece thanks to strategic use of line. None of the straight lines created are permitted to exist in horizontal or vertical alignment with the exception of the underlying frame. Most angles are oriented on the diagonal and interrupted in some way by a circle. The composition suggests a haphazard tea table complete with tea cups, saucers and kettles with a few cubes available here and there for a suggestion of sweetener. However, the artist also plays with the aspects of dimension available in the medium, allowing some of these elements to protrude while others sink into the surface. This multi-dimensional piece thus encourages the level of activity and discussion one might expect to find at a t ea party. Kai Bob Cheng’s â€Å"Self-Portrait† is an undated mixed media piece that attempts to convey something about the artist’s interpretation of himself. The image is presented in the traditional form of a portrait complete with an aged and ornate frame and a golden-colored background. Within this frame, and even partially overlapping it, is the seated figure of the artist. This figure is created with the use of paint, wires and other found objects. A set of letters is stenciled across the middle of the image