The Class and television in the UK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Class and television in the UK - Essay Example On the other hand, commercial television was to be regulated more firmly (especially in regard to advertising and content) and the game shows that had won ITV high ratings over the last few years were to have their prize monies slashed. The disparity between Pilkington's judgements of the two channels was quite clear. This disparity was firmly and inextricably interwoven with the class structure of Britain at the time of the report, and television's place in that structure. By 1962 the working class was becoming increasingly affluent, riding the post-war industrial boom and supported by the new welfare provision put in place by Clement Attlee's reforming government of 1945-51. Between 1951 and 1958 real wages rose by 20% (Curran, 204), this growth favouring principally the lower middle classes. This increased prosperity naturally converted into an increase in the number of television sets bought: in 1951 there were 586,000 licences, which grew by nearly twenty-fold to 11,659,000 (Sendall, 1982, 370). This increase was almost certainly driven by the availability of the new ITV. As well as greater prosperity for the working class, there was also increased social mobility, again due to the Attlee government and the grammar school system it had put in place in the late 1940s. An example of this new t rend was a member of the Pilkington Committee itself, Richard Hoggart, who has been characterised by Andrew Crisell as "a working class beneficiary of higher education and celebrated historian of popular culture." (109). I will argue that it was the personality type and, more importantly, class position, of people like Richard Hoggard, that gave the Pilkington Report its particular tenor. One of the main reasons the BBC outperformed ITV in the Pilkington report's findings was that the report was driven by so-called 'Reithian' values (after the first Director General of the BBC). Both channels were judged on their merits as public service broadcasting, as Sendall has said, "the assumption was consistently made that entertainment needed to be 'balanced' by a suitable proportion of improving material" (Sendall, 1983, 88). The viewers of television had to be improved in some way; that is, television took on a moral and social function. The report said so itself, the committee being quite adamant that, "television is and will be a main factor in influencing the values and moral standards of our society." (Crisell, 111). Judged in this way, ITV - which was subject to market pressures in a way that the licence-fee funded BBC wasn't - was almost certain to fall short of the committee's criteria. In the main, ITV produced entertainment, and all indications seemed to suggest t hat the mass majority of people (mainly from the working class) watching ITV preferred this type of output to that which might 'improve' them. However, Pilkington was less concerned with what the democratic public wanted, and more with what they should have, seeing broadcasting as a vehicle for an elite class to educate and better those moraly (which usually also means economically) beneath them, rather than a product, which is chosen by the democratic individual

Speed Limits Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Speed Limits - Essay Example The speed limit differs from region to region and highways have higher speed limits than areas with high population example areas near a school, the setting of speed limits depends on the nature of the road, accident records of a section of the road and judgment of engineers and politicians. This paper discusses the importance or the advantages of speed limits. Speed limits are put in place in order to reduce accidents, some roads have had many fatal accidents which are directly related to speed, therefore in order to reduce such accidents there are laws that limit the speed in order to reduce accidents. Roads that pass through residential or highly populated areas have a lower speed limit in order to reduce the accidents these vehicles may cause, from physics kinetic energy rises as the speed rises, therefore the kinetic energy at impact will increase as the speed rises and therefore high speeds will lead to more fatal accidents. The speed limit allows motorist to travel at reasonable speed, some sections of a road may have high number of fatal accidents in the past and in order to reduce these accidents the speed limit is reduced to reduce such accidents. Therefore the speed limits reduce the number of injuries and deaths that may occur due to over speeding motorists. It is also evident that speed limits enable police to apprehend criminals, in most cases the police are able to identify criminals on roads. Criminals will tend to drive at high speeds which helps the police to identify the criminals and as a result this has a negative effect on crime rate, drivers driving under the influence of alcohol also tend to drive at high speeds and therefore the police are also able to identify them, as a result of this we can state that the speed limits reduce crime and other deviant behaviors. The fines imposed on road users because of over speeding is a source of revenue to the government, therefore speed limit laws earn the government some revenue which helps in the provision of public goods, however this revenue is not of much importance than the protection of road users from other careless drivers who do not follow road rules. Environmental protection is also an advantage of setting the speed limit, speeding vehicles consume more fuel and therefore pollutes the environment more, therefore by setting the speed limit fuel consumption is reduced and as a result the environment is protected, therefore speed limits do not only help in reducing accidents and help the police in arresting criminals but also helps in protecting the environment. The other advantage of setting the speed limit is that it is possible to identify wreck less drivers on the road, some road users do not obey traffic rules and therefore may cause accidents which may lead to the loss of lives even to innocent motorists, as a result of this these wreck less drivers are identified and their license suspended or fined in court. The speed limits should be viewed as a law that governs road users to drive reasonably, if the speed limit on the roads were removed then we will definitely be increasing the number of accidents, deaths and injuries on the road, the other problem that would rise is pollution and this is because speeding vehicles consume more fuel and therefore pollutes the environment more. Conclusion: From the above discussion it is evident that speed limits are there to protect lives,

Rainforest cafe reserch project Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Rainforest cafe reserch project - Research Paper Example The management of the Rainforest Cafà © has an astute marketing plan. It adopts multiple and varied marketing strategies for new outlets. At the same time, it runs separate promotional campaigns for the mature outlets (EDGAR Online, 2013). Rainforest Cafà ©, owned by Landrys Inc., Houston, Texas, is a themed restaurant chain and offers something for all demographic profiles (Dulen, 1998). The ambience of Rainforest Cafà © stimulates the mind and emotions and appeals to the children as well as adults. Since inception, the cafà © has strived to deliver high quality proprietary entertainment to its clients and has earned a name in the marketplace. At present, the Rainforest Cafà © is a well-recognized family-oriented restaurant. The Rainforest Cafà © is an ideal place for the stimulus-hungry children. The sprawling interiors with a pulsing beat tend to leave the children in a state of awe. The sporadic thunder and lightening add to the ecstasy. Children can have a gala time at the cafà © as the elephants trumpet and chimpanzees chatter. The overall theme of the Rainforest Cafà © provides children a fun and frolic filled time. The special menu for kids adds to the craze. Parents tend to spend a lot on kids. They do not mind shelling out more money for a pleasurable experience for their offspring. Children always have that extra pestering power which tends to result in repeat visits and heightened spending at the cafà ©. There is an increasing trend of celebrating birthday parties at restaurants. The Rainforest Cafà © is in an enviable position to cash in on this trend. The total population of UK is 63.4 million. 17 percent of the population is less than 14 years old. This section of the society will obviously be dependent on their parents so far as any social outing is concerned. 41 percent of the population is in the age bracket of 25-54 years. This section of the society will have young children and

Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 8

Essay Example A randomized control trial or RCT consists of two groups where the subjects are assigned randomly to the following: (1) experimental group, a group who receives intervention being tested, and (2) comparison or control group, the group who receives alternative or conventional treatment (Kendall, 2003). Any differences between the outcomes will be followed up by the researcher, and the trials’ results and subsequent analysis are used in assessing the efficacy of the intervention (Kendall, 2003). Kendall added that the most stringent way of determining the existence of cause and effect between the intervention and outcome are the RCTs. (1) In order to achieve appropriate generalisable results, the sample being studied must be appropriate to the tested hypothesis. Sufficient patients will be recruited in the study to allow it to have probability of clinically detecting important clinical differences between treatments if a difference exists truly. Assume that your recommendation is that the application should not be funded, and explain carefully any faults that you feel the proposal may have. I suggest you concentrate on the methodology for the study and whether it will achieve its aims and answer the research question, and whether the proposed study would be ethical, in terms of what would be done to the participants. If you feel the study will not achieve its aims, state why; if you feel that it is ethically flawed, explain your opinion. After reading the grant application concerning the treatment of back pain by physiotherapists, it is hereby decided that the proposal will not be funded by the regional committee for the following reasons: The researcher did not discuss the basis of doing randomised controlled trial method in the clinical research study. The advantages of using this type of sampling over other types of clinical trials must be clearly indicated in the proposal. It was noted in the study that

US embassy safety after the 1998 US embassy bombings in Tanzania and Essay

US embassy safety after the 1998 US embassy bombings in Tanzania and Kenya - Essay Example The Foreign policies of countries are seen to generally be made up and designed in order to help protect that country's national interests, national security, ideological goals, and economic prosperity.However it is common knowlegde that that can occur only and only in the result which would be of peaceful cooperation and interaction with other nations, and to the contrary through exploitation and ultimately War. One can easily assume that foreign policies are as old and ancient as the society of humans itself. The century known as the twenthieth century has seen a fast rise in the importance and the need of foreign policies, with every nation in the world now having the means, methods and ability of being able to interact with one another in some form. There fore it is vital that one keeps a close check on the bills and formal agreements that are passed between various countries. And the kind of effects that those bills and other agreements have on the relationship and over all view s and feelings of the people belonging to those countries.This should be done so that devestating attackes and other tragedies can be avoided based on the effects of certain agreements and bills. Some agrrements and decisions taken on the basis of foreign polivy often cause the economy of either one or both countries involved to go down this in turn takes down the level of employment and ultimatley effects the quality of life for general public. This causes hatred and anger in the hearts of the people towards the people of the othercoutry and drastic expression of such hatred takes the shape of suicide and mass destruction bombings. One take on a foreign policy move which effected relationships between countries can be seen through the implementation of the Trade and lifting of trade barriers, as trade amongst coutries is the number one means of interaction there fore it holds great importance in the formation of zforeign policies. The Bill in questin here is the implementation of NAFTA. The terms and conditions of NAFTA have long been the basis form shaping the relationships between the United States and its neighbouring countries. Some highlights of NAFTA are given below. Approved in November 1993 and brought into effect on 1 January 1994 NAFTA or the North American Free Trade Agreement a trilateral agreement holds Canada, Mexico and the United States as its members. Its approval will see a Drastic change in the economics of these three nations. NAFTA basically draws rules and guidelines between Mexico, Canada and the United States for the elimination of trade barriers regarding goods and originating from within North America. Barriers such as Health and safety standards, import taxes and import/export laws. NAFTA aims at gradually reducing these barriers to the extent of making them non-existent between the member nations. It called of majority of the tariffs and remove restrictions from major categories such as motor vehicles, computers, textiles and agriculture. HISTORY AND ADDITIONS: Provisions regarding Investment restrictions between the three countries also saw removal and intellectual property safety saw new heights (patents, copy writes and trademarks). It being trilateral means that all stipulations equally applying on all members. Further more provisions regarding the protection of labor, workers and the environment were added later on to the agreement. This gave rise to the formation of the North American Agreement on Environmental Cooperation (NAAEC). Founded on the basis of concerns from the environmentalists that companies would either relocate to Mexico or that the United States would lower its standards if all three countries

Thesis Statement Essay Example for Free

Thesis Statement Essay This essay is based on three films. One, â€Å" All that heaven allows†, which was directed by Douglas Sirk and made in 1955 in the USA. The Second is an animation film â€Å" Neighbours†, directed by Norman Mclauren and made in Canada in 1952 and the third is â€Å" Bicycle thieves†, directed by Victorio De Sica, and made in Italy in 1948. These films primarily deal with the human behaviour towards his own fellow humans. In different styles and settings, they unanimously point towards the animal instincts lying within each one of us. The human race, though pretending to be so civilized, learned and developed, is still no better than the animals of the jungle. Something is primarily wrong with the human race. The essay that follows will derive from the plots of each film, and try to justify that in each case, that each one of us, always wants to snatch away or attack on the freedom and facilities of our own fellow human beings. In this race, the might and the power wins. The polished world of today is still an uncivilized jungle, where the likes of Nigeria, Peru and Chilie are helpless cows and buffaloes, and USA and Britain are the Lions and Tigers. It will, derive from individual cases and argue that the same scenario exists in the international politics of today. Can USA live without poking its nose into the internal affairs of each and every other country of the so called third world? True independence of any nation or any individual simply does not exist, and that is what these films try to prove. On a broader scale, the discussion would also stretch to the loop holes of the two major faiths of this world, Christianity and Islam. When the religion itself promotes violence, how can ‘peaceful co-existence’ exist ? The cinematic brilliance of the three films will also be discussed.

Marks and Spencer Clothing Ranges | Analysis

Marks and Spencer Clothing Ranges | Analysis This report is pertaining to Marks Spencer UK Ref : 1) Identify and explain the different customer needs. Who are the three MS clothing ranges aimed to serve? Assume that the Perfect and Classic ranges serve essentially the same customer segment. 2) Identify and explain the order winners and qualifier for these three different clothing ranges at MS. 3) Apply the polar diagram to analyse and compare the different operations performance objectives for these three different clothing ranges at MS. Introduction: MARKS SPENCER (UK) Marks Spencer (MS) is a commercial organization and is one of the UK leading retailer of clothing and home product. Other than that, MS also selling high quality of foods and at the same time also provided financial service. MS claim to have 21 million of customer that visit to their store weekly and have 600 stores in UK and the business is expanding globally. MS have 2000 supplier and 75000 employees all around the world. MS also is the No. 1 women wear and lingerie provider in UK. Meanwhile the market share of men and children wear is expanding. Lastly, due to MS Plan A, a five year eco plan, MS is now more known for their green credential to become carbon free and no landfill waste by the year 2012. 1.0 Identify and explain the different customer needs which the three MS clothing ranges aimed to serve? Assume that the Perfect and Classic ranges serve essentially the same customer segment. 1.1 Identify the Segmentation. Market segmentation can be defined as the process of dividing a market into different segmentation by take in the consideration of the customers common needs or characteristic. (Schiffman Kanuk, 1997,p.46) In reference to the case study, the product agenda in the Marks Spencer can be divided by understanding segmentation is Season, Gender, Age. Season There are 4 seasons in United Kingdom, which is spring, autumn, summer and winter. By further reference to the case study, spring and autumn is the peak sales season of the Marks and Spencer. The clothing during spring and autumn is casual wear. And during this time, is when all the high-fashion wear take place as no heavy clothing is required. The figure below show the suitable clothing to be worn during spring and autumn season. Gender Marks and Spencer is targeted more on the women rather than man. This is factual that women are usually more into shopping and purchasing clothing than men. Take for instance; I usually go shopping for clothes once a year usually a few weeks before the Chinese New Year. It is Chinese tradition to wear new cloth during the celebration. Whereas my girl friend will keep on shopping whenever she likes together shopper impulse. The case study has a focus on women buying behavior pertaining to clothes. Age Product needs and interests vary with consumer age. Marketers have found age is a very useful demographic variable for distinguishing segments. (Schiffman Kanuk, 1997,p.53) By referring to the case study, Marks Spencer core and potential customer are women aged between 35 to 55. Where the women at this age are very active and the purchasing power is high. 1.2 Customer needs Customer needs are defined, XXXXXXXX. In the case of Marks Spencer the needs of women customers can be divided into the size, quality, design, pricing and also the services that are available to them in providing, them providing their personal and environmental needs. 1.2.1 The Size of the Clothing The different sizes of the clothing are one of the most important issues towards customer needs. A cloth can be designed with a very supreme layout, the colour can be extremely beautiful, the price can very reasonable and the quality can be fantastic, however when customer wants to purchase a particular clothing but not available in size, will result in customer behavioral stress with a perceptional and altitude change towards the item. MS should strategically consider in term of the size availability of the clothing that they wish to sell as compared to the women in Malaysia, the size are normally in the range S, M, L and XL as their body are relatively smaller if compare to the women in UK. 1.2.2 The Quality of the Clothing The quality is important to the customer and required need. The customer wants his money worth when she wears the clothes. From the case study, one of the customer stated that the cloth she purchase must be value for money. The busy lifestyle of today, the customers now need to be met by MS. They will preferred that the clothing that they purchase can be wash well and not require specialist washing and the cloth have to long last , colour not to fade and wont shrink while in wash. This is same for all the customers around the world. The customer is expecting the price will mirror the quality level of the product (Erickson and Johansson,1985 cited in Brassington and Pettitt, 2007,p.223). The quality of the goods and services accepted have to be equal to the money that they invested. 1.2.3 The design of the Clothing Good design satisfies customer, communicates the purpose of the product or service to its market, and bring financial rewards to the business. The objective of good design, whether of product or service is to satisfy customers by meeting their actual or anticipated needs and expectations (Slack, et al., 2010) The customers demand a good design of clothing and shall be not recognized as MS on the first sight especially for the premium and high fashion clothing. Customer needs for something that is more presentable and different from the other brands. This is best described for the autograph range clothing. The design has to be supreme, outstanding. As what we understand that the hot sales season of MS is during Spring And Autumn, and during this two season, heavy clothing is not required and this is the time when the people wear out fashion and trendy clothing. Therefore the design needs to be the main consideration of MS while they make the purchase decision. Whereas, the customers in Malaysia especially for women, they will rather visit a boutique rather than a supermarket to buy their clothing even though the price is higher because of the design. As the cloth in the boutique are unique and rarely found in other shops and this will eliminate the chances to get embarrassed as 2 person we ar the same clothing at a function or dinner. 1.2.4 The services A good service usually helps to make sales successful. Customers who come to MS expected to receive a good service, such as after sales service, consultant service and other basic services. However, in the case study, one of the customers stated that she would not make a special trip to buy a high-fashion item and rather to have an impulse purchase. The busy lifestyle today, purchase through the internet is becoming a common thing. MS do have this service, and the customers do not have to go to the store to view and to purchase for the clothing. The electronic catalogue on the website and online purchase is available. This is one of the services that are demanded by the customer. This service is productive as customers now do not need to step out from their home to purchase. Especially in a critical weather condition, helps remove customer stress. As for the goods to be delivered, somehow, if MS will set up a special department to deal with the delivery, the lead time will be reduced and the satisfaction level of customer on the service will be enhanced. 1.2.5 The Pricing Price- the main consideration of customer on purchase. Form the case, the customer had stated that they would pay a high price but the design and quality must be there. But it is not applicable for all the customer as for the customer which comes from a middle and low income level, pricing will be an issue. As in Malaysia, if the product sell is cheap and worth, even though there is no advertisement, the store will have a lot of customers. From the consumer perception, the price of a product reflects the value that they attach to whatsoever is being exchanged. While the customer is making purchase decision, the marketer is considered be making a promise to the customer about what is the product and what is the value of it. The consumer is then going to determine the promise against the price and thus decide whether it is worth paying (Zeithaml, 1988 cited in Brassington and Pettitt, 2007,p.223). The same applies to MS, if the prices are lower compare to the competitor, and with good quality, automatically the customer will be there to purchase. Thus, pull up the profit of the MS. It will also create the loyalty of the customer towards MS. 2.0 Identify and explain the order winners and qualifier for these three different clothing ranges at MS. 2.1 Order Winner Order winner are those factor which directly and significantly contribute to winning business. (Slack, et al., 2010, P.69) In a simply words, order winner is the characteristic of a firm that cause the customer to purchase the goods and services from firm. Order winner play an important role to not only to end sales but also to secure new business. The ability of a firm in the strategic initiative as cost, price, lead time, quality, reliability, brand equity and etc can enhance a firm order winner. The order winner for classis and perfect range is for core customers with a busy life, versatility, fitness, reasonable price and quality The order winner for Autograph range is its Fashionable, unique and exclusive designs. The order winner for Per una range is Limited editions, special and more exclusive styles, competitive prices. 2.2 Order Qualifiers Qualifier are those aspect of competitiveness where the operations performance has to be above particular level just to be considered by the customer. (Slack, et al., 2010, P.69).Order qualifier is the characteristic to be equipped by a firm to make it outstanding among all the other firm and competitors. In a simple words, order qualifiers make the firm differ from its competitors. The order qualifiers for classis and perfect range are Timeless essentials reflecting ones style and finesse. The order qualifier for Autograph range is Collection with no more than 60 of each color and way and style. The order qualifier for Per Una Range is its Superb designs at very affordable prices 3.0 Apply the polar diagram to analyse and compare the different operations performance objectives for these three different clothing ranges at MS. 3.1 Polar Diagram Polar diagram is a useful way to representing the relative importance objective for a product or services. This is called the polar representation because the scales which represent the importance of each performance objective have the same origin. (Slack, et al., 2010, P.53). The polar diagram below can be used to analyse and compare he different operations performance objectives for the three different clothing range at MS. The 5 factor in the polar diagram are Cost, Quality, Design, Size availability and also the Sales volume SKU. 3.1.1 Cost Cost is the major performance objective especially for the firm which compete against each other in term of price as the lower the cost, the lower the price the firm can sell to customer. When the firm able to lower its cost but can maintains the quality, it is giving the firm the cost objective. (Slack, et al., 2010, P.40) By referring to the polar diagram, the cost for the Autograph range is the highest followed by the Per Una Range, meanwhile the cost for perfect and classic range is the lowest among the three MS Clothing range. The cost directly reflect the selling the price of three MS product range. The price of Autograph range is the most expensive among three as the product under this range use the design of top designer and high quality raw material. When the cost increases, automatically the selling price will be higher. 3.1.2 Quality Quality is a major influence on customer satisfaction or dissatisfaction. Quality is consistent conformance to customers expectation, which also mean doing thing right. High quality of goods and services that is offer to customer will ensure the return of the customer. This will give the firm a quality advantages. (Slack, et al., 2010, P.40) By referring to the polar diagram, the quality of the Per Una Range is the supreme follow by The Autograph Range then by the Perfect and Classic range. The material use in Per Una range product is Superb quality materials while the material use in the Autograph and Perfect Classic range is High quality and high quality fabrics material. This had show that the high quality material had been used by MS in producing their all range of clothing to ensure the quality of clothing is maintain at high level and ensure the customer satisfaction. By using the high quality material, the issue such as shrink colour fading will be eliminate. 3.1.3 Flexibility (The availability of Size) The flexibility simply means that the ability of the form to change the operation in some way. It also means that the firm will be able to react toward different and unexpected circumstances. The ability of the firm to give individual treatment to the different customer will give the firm flexibility advantage. (Slack, et al., 2010, P.46) The polar diagram show that the flexibility of the perfect and classis ranges in term of size is above the other two. This is due to the product available in this range are wide and quantity are large. Compare to the Autograph range, the product are unique and only limited number is available, those who miss the chances to purchase will be difficult to find another as it is purposely create the demand in a limited supply. Other than that the product in perfect and classic range is being sale in a wide range and in a large quantity. 3.1.4 Speed A firm might want to do thing fast, thus minimizing the time form the customer order and receiving it in full. The speed advantages means that the faster the customer can get the goods, the more they will buy and thus, the more the firm can gain from it. (Slack, et al., 2010, P.42) The product can be found almost all the outlet of the MS. Mean while, the product in the Autograph range can be found in selected store only with a lesser amount. On the other hand, the product under per una range can only be found in a limited number in the specific store only. There polar diagram are clearly show the different sales volume SKU of the three different clothing range of MS where the larger the volume of the SKU, the faster the customer can get the goods that they wish to purchase. 3.1.5 Dependability Dependability means that doing thing in time for customer to receive their goods or services exactly when they are needed, or at least when they were promise. When the firm able to perform this, it will give the dependability advantages to the firm. (Slack, et al., 2010, P.44) The polar diagram show that the dependability of the Autograph range is superior of the other two clothing range. The design of the Autograph range is to a wider audience within a unique environment, which means a special design by the famous designer. The design of Per Una Range is slightly below the Autograph range where it is affected by the latest trend but will outdate very fast. When it comes to the perfect and classic range, the design is more to casual and return to basic. Design play an important role in the expensive clothing range as they customer willing to pay just for the design, but when come to basic cloth, customer prefer value-for-money prices.